Does College Prepare You For Life - 850 Words

Does College prepare you for life? Colleges and Universities are windows of knowledge that many people try to break, in doing so, people are ready for the next stage of their life. But not many have the option to go the world where knowledge is everything, and end being a simple worker all his life. People would judge a person for not having a degree, bachelor and many more. But do they ever think that colleges or universities are really preparing you for any jobs, does a piece of paper worth a lot now a days. Freeman Hrabowski wrote an article responding to people that think educations is a waste of time, and it is called â€Å"College Prepare People for life† (Hrabowski). In the article he mentions many positive thing about going to college and what is the outcome of going to college. But I believe that, he hasn’t done a very good job to explain why college is a good place to go prepare yourself for the real world. I believe that college is very important for our life , but not many of us know if we are really learning something while being in college. I feel like colleges or universities has become a place where we go just to go or try to earn a degree in any field. Therefore, I believe that colleges doesn’t enhance our basic skills, doesn’t give us a certainty of us getting a good job, doesn’t give us the hardships of the real world and it isn’t a place where everyone gets treated it equally. Colleges and Universities are places where we go and learn about us and what weShow MoreRelatedJiddu Krishnamurti s Concept That The True Function Of Education1351 Words   |  6 Pageseducation should be to prepare people for life. In addition, I will relate Jiddu Krishnamurti’s concept to my own personal life. As a result, one should agree that the true function of education should be to prepare people for life. By demonstrating the consequences of following the formulas society has given us and are expected of us to c onform to, Jiddu Krishnamuti’s The Function of Education suggests that the true function of education should be to prepare people for life by allowing people toRead MoreEssay on Is College Worth The Effort?883 Words   |  4 PagesIs College Worth The Effort? College has been a total waste of your time and money! Imagine telling that to a student who just finished four years of hard, grueling, expensive work; or, even worse, a parent who paid for their child to finish that same grueling work. But, in some ways, that statement can’t be any further from the truth. College can prepare a student for life in so many more ways than for a career. However, in the way that college is supposed to prepare soon-to-be-productiveRead More Uses of a College Education Essay801 Words   |  4 PagesUses of a College Education Is there really a difference between common sense and book sense? In general, common sense is that sixth sense or that survival intuition that has been given to every animal on earth. Therefore, common sense is literally an instinct or an advanced understanding about one’s surroundings. Many people think of common sense as intuition or wisdom that comes from living a life that exposes one to many different experiences and circumstances. On the other hand, bookRead MoreWhy People Choose The College That They Attend933 Words   |  4 PagesFour There are many reasons why people choose the college that they attend, but is a two year college better than a four year college? This is the question Liz Addison answers in her chapter Two Years Better Than Four (Pg. 255-58). Addison was enrolled in Virginia Community College, Southern Maine Community College, and Royal Veterinary College. She has two degrees; her first degree in biology and the second degree is from Royal Veterinary College and is now a veterinarian in Virginia. When discussingRead MoreMy Decision to Study Mechanical Engineering Essay824 Words   |  4 Pages I want to go to college because I know without a college degree, I would be going nowhere in my life. I want to pursue a degree in mechanical engineering; I have been dreaming about working as a marine surveyor since I was eleven years old. There are many reasons why I want to pursue a degree in mechanical engineering. One reason why I want to become a marine surveyor, marine surveying is my dream job; another reason is as a kid growing up I have always found it fascinating to create things andRead MoreCritical Analysis : Senior Year1320 Words   |  6 Pages2016 Throughout the pass centuries college has been a controversial issue all around the world. â€Å"Will you go to college, which college will you attend and why,† are questions that seem to attack all of high school seniors. Senior year is one of the most important years of the high school journey. Why? Well, because it is in your last year of high school where you probably make one of your most important decisions: choosing a college that fits your needs. College is the one word that makes all studentsRead MoreSuccess in College and after College Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesWho does not want to be successful in life? Success is what everybody in this world strives to achieve, but not everybody can taste it because they do not know how. To be successful you must take some decisions, you must know what you want to accomplish and create a strategic plan as a guideline to get the ultimate results you want for your life. College is one of the tools you can use to be successful because it gives you the necessary skills to succeed and prepares you for a career. Been successfulRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School1041 Words   |  5 Pagesschool that prepares students for a job or college. In truth, a successful school prepares students for the real world. High school should teach all students the basic abilities used in the work force. Although being prepared for the real world can mean many different things, in this case, it means that all students should be able to find a job directly after high school if they want to or the need arises. Also, successful schools send a majority of their students on to get a degree in college. When aRead MoreGraduation Speech : Education And Education1420 Words   |  6 Pagesso you learn the same information, slightly more in depth, from kindergarten to senior year. What about topics that would further the student in their future after graduation? Schools emphasize the same core subjects throughout the years, but not the real life obstacles millions of millions of people face. What if schools required classes on survival, job interviewing skills, studying, how to pass the SAT- all classes which would further students in their college life, careers, and adult life. SchoolRead MoreWhat Preparations Do You Need for College672 Words   |  3 Pagesthem does good preparations for college life. The other is does not. Who will be good at adjusting to the college life? Is it helpful for students to be exposed to the new environment? Of course, the students who make good plans for college life in advance feel better. We can do good preparations for college life by thinking about our majors, building a good relationship with other people and being an independent person which are all effective ways to get touch with college life closely

Essay on The Philosophy of Cognitive Science - 2158 Words

The Philosophy of Cognitive Science Psychophysical dualism — the distinction between mind and body — is the counterposition between essentially irreducible elements: the mind and body. Such a dualism implies the main ontological problem of the philosophy of cognitive science and philosophy of mind: the mind-body problem (MBP). The dualism and the referred-to problem has been insistently discussed in the philosophical tradition and several solutions have been proposed. Such solutions are properly philosophical or require a scientific approach. First, I will expound the philosophical solution to the MBP proposed by Descartes, to be followed by an exposition of Ryles criticisms to the solution. Second, from Ryles criticism, I will deduce†¦show more content†¦Our communication is composed of three parts: First, we shall expound the cartesian dualism and its implied MBP both developed in the Metaphysical Meditations. The explanation is followed by Gilbert Ryles criticisms to the cartesian tradition in philosophy; Second, we shall deduce a solution of the MBP — by the means of the principle of embodiment of mind — that is related to the neural network models of mind proposed by cognitive scientists; Third, we shall analyse the conceptual components of the mentioned principle in order to show some philosophical difficulties linked to them and present some relations between the mentioned difficulties and the interdisciplinary methodological hypothesis of the cognitivist research program. II - MIND-BODY PROBLEM AND THE CARTESIAN DUALISM In the main work of Renà © Descartes, Meditationes de Prima Philosophia (1641), the french philosopher had estabilished the distinction between soul and body and formulated the MBP. The order of reasons, that was proposed by Descartes in construing the MBP, may be expounded as follows: 1 - The principle of hyperbolic doubt (every proposition having no immediate evidence must be false) has its limit defined by the cogito aperception. Such aperception represents the fist truth: I think, then I exist. 2 - The proof of the souls existence represented by the cogito gives the possibilityShow MoreRelatedCognitive Psychology Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of Cognitive Psychology Plynia Welty Psych 560 June 11, 2012 Brian Uldall Evolution of Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology embarked on a revolutionary journey since the era of Saint Thomas Aquinas (Dr. King, 2012). St. Aquinas was the pioneering mind behind the idea that behavior can be divided into two areas, cognitive and effect. Logging empirical research on a subject provides practitioners a comprehensive view of the subject matter (Dr. King, 2012). In relationRead MoreFour Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology1803 Words   |  7 Pagesthe four major approaches are in psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and family systems. Using the four major approaches contributes to the effectiveness in treatment by identifying the goals of each approach. The paper will break down the approaches, goals, techniques, and the overall approaches used. Philosophical Origins of Clinical Psychology ApproachesAs Thomas Plante (2005) cleverly suggested, clinical psychology is both a science and an art. Scientific research and inquiry helpsRead MoreWhat Is It To Be Convincing? At First, This Appears As1750 Words   |  7 Pagesbe â€Å"truly† willing to change their beliefs? Another possibility is to read it specifically in relation to the context of the title of this preface: what makes cognitive sociology convincing? To follow the general interpretation strategy, it seems important to know whether this is a question of philosophy or the arts. If it is one of philosophy, the answer would bring in the sub-field of epistemology that studies theories of knowledge. If it is a question of the arts, students of rhetoric and persuasionRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Mind By Paul Churchland1327 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy of Mind In contemporary philosophy of mind, talk of perception has fallen out of favour. Indeed most writers to deny perception altogether, or claim that they do not matter. Instead they reduce perception to reality, or speak of the â€Å"really real.† Perception are said to be â€Å"nothing but† particles or waves or structured brain events. â€Å"Always already† â€Å"Nothing but† matter and motion. One influential philosopher of mind, Paul Churchland in his book The Engine of Reason, The Seat of the SoulRead MoreCognitive Science : The Scientific Study Of The Mind1193 Words   |  5 PagesMidterm Exam Question 1-Cognitive Science is defined as the scientific study of the mind. Cognitive Science uses the scientific method as it primary methodology. One of the main features of cognitive science is the multifaceted method, and it uses linguistics, robotics, neuroscience, cognitive, the evolutionary approach, psychology, the emotion approach, the social approach, philosophy, and artificial intelligence (Friedenberg and Silverman, 2012). Cognitive Science uses all these different methodsRead MoreEssay on The Black and White of Science and Religion1670 Words   |  7 PagesAnnotated References Astley, J; Francis, L. (2010) British Journal of Religious Education, Promoting positive attitudes towards science and religion among sixth-form pupils: dealing with scientism and creationism. Vol. 32 Issue 3. The Routledge group writes a very compelling argument dealing with the attitudes towards science and religion. The authors have survey results from their research and supply the basic data learned. The paper data talks about the consistency of each institutionRead MoreDiscuss Reasons for the Increased Interest in Cognitive Psychology and the Decline in Behavioristt Approach, in Addition Describe the Field of Cognitive Science Noting the Discipline That Are Included in This Field.1302 Words   |  6 PagesHIGHER ORDER COGNITION DATE SUBMITTED: 29th SEPTEMBER, 2011 DISCUSS REASONS FOR THE INCREASED INTEREST IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND THE DECLINE OF BEHAVIORIST APPROACH ,IN ADDITION DESCRIBE THE FIELD OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE NOTING THE DISCIPLINE THAT ARE INCLUDED IN THE THIS FIELD. Behaviorism also called learning perspective is defined by Wikipedia ‘ as a philosophy of psychology based on the proposition that all things that organisms do-including acting , thinking, andRead Moreh2Colorado State University/h2 h3College of Natural Sciences - Psychology/h3 Founded as an1000 Words   |  4 Pages h2Colorado State University/h2 h3College of Natural Sciences - Psychology/h3 Founded as an agriculture college in 1870, Colorado State University has grown into one of the major research universities in the nation. It offers over 150 programs through eight college divisions and prides itself on providing its students with a world-class education. Among the most renowned educational pursuits at CSU are the diverse graduate degree programs available in the field of psychology. GraduateRead MoreWhy Do We Do Your Regular Schedules?1368 Words   |  6 PagesTodd Donerson 5/9/2015 Intr. Philosophy Main project part 2 Behaviorism Why do we do the things we do in our regular schedules? 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Use Of Cell Phones On Campuses Nationwide And How / If...

1. What is/are the article’s main research question(s)? The topic in question focuses on the relationship between the use of cell phones on campuses nationwide and how/if they affect students’ academic performance. 2. What is their substantive and statistical hypotheses? The authors believe that there is a correlation between cell phone use and academic performance, but there are several factors that need to be taken into account. Such factors include: sex, cigarette smoking, class standing, and undergraduate major. Both of their hypotheses have to do with these factors and the direct effect they have on a students GPA. 3. What is their theoretical background? The authors rely on recent research studies regarding cell phone use among college students, noting that the students primarily use them for social networking, surfing the Internet, watching videos, and playing games. The authors also mention previous studies that suggest cell phone use can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, which might negatively affect behaviors that are vital for academic success. 4. What are the IVs and DVs? The independent variable in the experiment would be the cell phone use by the college students. The dependent variable is the academic performance. 5. What level of measurement did they use for all of the IVs and DVs in the study? Independent Variables: Smoking (smoker vs. non-smoker) – nominal, categorical Class standing (fresh, soph, junior, senior) – ordinal, categorical Total phone callsShow MoreRelatedImpacts of Information Technology on Individuals, Organizations and Societies21097 Words   |  85 Pagesdistribute physical media presented a number of technical and logistical difficulties for movie pirates, which limited the scope of their operations. Thus, picture studios largely ignored these activities. 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A Critical Evaluation of The Usefulness of Integrated Reporting

Question: Discuss about the Critical Evaluation of The Usefulness of Integrated Reporting. Answer: Introduction In corporate communication Integrated Reporting (IR) is considered as the main process which is seen to drive value creation. IR is identified as a precise communication tool for stating about the organization strategy, performance and governance which leads to creation of these values in the short, medium and long term. This report is able to state on the different aspects of IR as mandated by the King III Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa, which is able to combine the reporting of both non-financial and financial performance measures for promoting corporate strategy (Rensburg and Botha 2014). IR is depicted as a concise communication on the strategy of the organization, performance and activities which led to value creation. Alongside IR, The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) is identified with a global coalition of the standard setters, investors, regulators and individuals involved in theaccounting profession and NGOs. The main vision of the IIRC is understood with the alignment of the capital allocation and corporate behavior with an objective to achieve a wider goal in terms of the sustainable development and financial stability. The introduction of the new reporting standard can introduce major research on the financial reporting done by companies (Thomson 2015). Some of the main analysis of the report will include the discussions on the events which led to the need for IR. The financial reporting is identified with non-relevancy, historical aspect and non-transparency. Some of the other important aspects of the discussion will be included with concerns of resource scarcity and environment. The important discourse of the study is also able to discuss on benefits and challenges of the application of Integrated Reporting. The concise report on the organization strategy and business model will be associated to the context in which the organization operates (Bouten and Hooze 2015). Analysis The requirement for Integrated Reporting came into limelight because of several events. In general capitalism is seen to rely on efficient allocation of the capital for delivering returns to the investors in the long-term, medium term and short-term. It is the duty of the companies to engage in managing the financial capital to the investors which is seen to be generated from the non-financial capital such as people, trademarks/copyrights and natural resources (Eccles and Serafeim 2014). The western model of the capitalism was questioned with the banking crisis which originated in 2007. IR is reflected with the long-term and broad consequence of the decisions associated to the wide range factors to sustain and create values. The global crisis of 2007-2009, acted as a catalyst for the establishment of the Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), and developing Integrated Reporting (IR). This was seen as a means of enhancing the financial stability and rebuilding trust in capital market an d also serve in the real economy. IIRC is considered with the coalition drawn from the broad global communities which has represented the global communities with the interest of evolution of corporate reporting. The South African discussion paper can support the IIRC thinking. The intrinsic learning process from South Africa has provided the companies with the understanding of the development process of integrated reporting (Zhou, Simnett and Green 2017). On creating the balance between regulation and market led integration program it has been discerned that the application of the integrated reporting is not just applicable in case of the South African listed companies. The use of IR is evident is several non-listed companies which is identified with the appropriate benefits which is seen to be related to market-led initiative (Feng, Cummings and Tweedie 2017). It is also shown that due to the exiting problems with traditional financial reporting, IR was introduced to combat the failing reconciliation ofaccounting standards. Some of the common problems with the financial reporting are recognize with the complexity of the reporting standards, long disclosures and absence of any linkage between the strategy and operations. It needs to be further discerned that the financial standards in several aspects is to be assessed with non-relevance of the prescribed framework. In several cases they also represented non-transparent information which calls for the need to implement IR. The IFRS regulations vary from country to country, therefore it cannot be said that they are able to followed single universal standard for the assessment of the increasing need of the stakeholders (Adams et al. 2016). It is further depicted that several countries were seen to be imposing carve outs (removal of offending passages) and carve ins (additions) relating to the official standard which is prescribed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Countries such as India and China are prominent examples for this. On the other hand, Australia and Canada have been able to adopt an unadulterated version of IFRS (Ahmed Haji and Hossain 2016). The revenue recognition is considered as a complex problem, as in several cases the contract for the product is depicted with a futures upgrade which cannot be predicted in general situations or at times of sales. Henceforth, with the inclusion of general financial reporting and other determinates of the sales data is found to be a difficult task (Bhasin 2017). The problem associated to the revenue recognition has led to several problems associated to unofficial measures to report the financial performance, during instances of virtual operations of the business. The massive success of the social network giants such as Facebook and Twitter have been depicted with a traditional method for recognition of the revenues measurement of revenue and expenses. This prevented the true and fair representation of the various took the aspects of business reports. In addition to this, the historical cost concept may not be appropriate for depreciation and amortization of the assets in a true and fair way against the standards issued by IR. Some of the other relevant factors which led to the adoption of IR is interpreted with the scarcity of resources and the various types the other environmental concerns (Stubbs and Higgins 2014). IIRC and IR The formulation of IR is depicted to be consistent with the issues associated to corporate reporting which is based on the significant number of the corporate reporting trends which is being followed across the globe. There is several range of the market factors which is driven by a complex and dated method of reporting (Serafeim 2015). The opportunities of the implementation process are seen to be evident with the affordably of the new technology and the need for transparency, inclusiveness and considering more information associated to the material for the modern business. The vision of IIRC is measured with the alignment of the capital and responding to the behavior to the wider nature of the changes which is seen to be associated to the various nature of other information. This is seen with the motive to include principle-based guidance and element contents to explain the necessary information associated to the integrated reporting. The IIRC frameworks was released to follow with an extensive consultation and testing by the investors and the businesses across all the regions in the world. The various types of the other aspect of financial reporting is understood to be directly included across 140 businesses and investors from 30 countries (Atkins and Maroun 2015). The primary objectives of Integrated Reporting are aimed at responding to the need for consistent, concise and comparable financial reporting. Integrated Reported also considered amalgamation of the financial and non-financial aspects of the financial information which is seen to be structured around the organizations strategic objectives. In addition to this, some of the other reporting aspects for the IR is seen to be based on the consideration of the important elements of the reporting aspects which is related to the supporting the needs of the long-term investors and taking into consideration a broader aspect for the long-term consequences of decision making (Verschoor 2014). The reflection of the interconnection among the environmental, social, governance and financial factors in decisions are seen with the effect in the long-term aspect in terms of the performance and condition thereby making out the clear linkage among the sustainable and economic value. Based on the principles of integrated reporting it helps in providing the appropriate framework for the social and environmental factors, which is taken into account on systematic basis. One of the objectives of IR is also considered with bringing reporting closer to the information which is seen to be used by the management for running the business in an efficient way thereby able to address the needs of day to day requirements (Dumay et al. 2016). Benefits of IR Some of the most noted benefits of the inclusion of IR, is depicted with the consideration, that the information and the parameters go beyond the scope of normal financial information. In addition to this, some of the other benefits of using IR is realized to be based on the reporting considerations which is taken into account with the improved ability to identify and respond to the opportunities, changes and risk in the business environment. IR has helped in better decision making and linking of the social, environmental, CG and financial performance. Some of the other benefits are depicted with the linkage of overall executive compensation and financial performance. Integrated reporting is considered with better resource allocation and capital allocation (Mio, Marco and Pauluzzo 2016). IR is able to provide a breakthrough in the value creation and enabling the organizations in working cohesively. The main benefits are also described in terms of using the new information which is observed to be conducive in terms of the addressing the various perspective of creating better value for the organization. The improvement in the decision-making process were largely attributed in terms of the changes pertaining to the management information. The improving nature of the management information is evident with the integrated reporting which is having an engagement with the external stakeholders. Another perspective of the benefit is depicted with connecting the departments and broadening the perspectives (Harold 2014). The foundational benefits of the organizations are considered with the internal engagement which is described as per the increased mutual understanding and respect. The most important aspect of the benefit is considered with the organizations experiencing a new and better understanding of how they are created and destroyed. There is a major breakthrough in understanding the value creation which one of the most important objective of IR. Henceforth, it is not surprising that these areas of the organizations which are seen with dramatic impacts. Another important benefit of IR was determined with the understanding of how the non-financial performance leads to better financial performance (Rensburg and Botha 2014). Some of the important form of the benefits experienced by the board is considered with the improvement in terms of the collaborative initiatives seen with the main form of the outcomes which are associated to measuring and managing of the performance. Based on the significant illustrations of the report, the improvement process was discerned at all stages. The improvement process depicted with the collaborative initiatives is seen with board reporting more dimensions of performance. The uncovering of the range of the other management which is associated to the management system changes and including expanded board assessment for effective risk assessment. The executives are able to prepare a timely report thereby addressing the widespread nature of the changes. In several reports it was addressed that the reporters were able to view the significant benefit of IR with driving the change in the top management and reporting process (Reuter and Messner 2015). The better allocation of capital and other resources was evident with the following of the various types of the processes which are directly linked to the human capital and financial capital. The better allocation of the resources is seen to be taken into account with better inclusion of financial and non-financial information into a single document (Lee and Yeo 2016). The relationship with the strategy of the organization and governance is depicted with appropriate governance and business model which needs to be transparent. In several situations the competitive benefits are taken into consideration through operational efficiencies, innovation and differentiation. In addition to this, the improved stakeholder relations are well-thought-out with better understanding of the needs associated to the managing their expectations. IR also leads to improved compliance with the CG regulations (Stacchezzini, Melloni and Lai 2016). Challenges of the IR implementation Despite of the significant pros of IR, the main drawback of this reporting is seen to be given in form of the complexity of the reporting standards. In addition to this, it is also discerned that IR lacks clarity and conviction which will allow it to achieve the goals are apparent. The lack of the acceptance of IR was identified as the main problem in some regions. The framework for IIRC looks forward to overcome the main gaps in the framework which needs to be fleshed out (Burke and Clark 2016). Some of the other grey areas of integrated reporting is identified with other forms of reporting such as statutory narrative reports associated to sustainability. Duplication of the information needs to be avoided in IR (Atkins et al. 2015). Several companies have been involved with the wait and see approach for the integrated report and this observation is evident with the imperial evidences of the study. An augmented focus needs to be given for offering more to the public in terms of the integrated reporting. The reports should be made comprehensible and legible to the broader stakeholder audience. The printing of news space needs to be decreased in case of integrated reporting. The companies need to seek diversification from the integrated reporting which initially decreased the summarization of the financial and non-financial information. In several instances the companies are not able to fully appreciate the values which they bring to their business. IR is still viewed as a compliance driven method which is often discerned with more work during the preparation of the reports. It needs to be further discerned that some of the most eminent companies are already disclosing the key elements, however they are still seen to lack the connection among the key elements such as strategy resource allocation, business model, performance, governance opportunities and risks. Moreover, the intricacy of the IR is able to make the stakeholders difficult to understand the various aspects of financial performance related to the business and it needs much time to interpret and understand the financial performance of a business. The integrated report is further able to include necessary standardization associated to depict the true operating performance in the business. The slow nature of the progress is identified as another limiting factor for IR. In several instances IR may not be consistent with the presentation and true operating performance of the business (Adams 2015). Some of the different types of the other downsides needs to be also presented with lack of clarity, complexity and lack of the acceptability of the standards. The IIRC framework is further able to include the other considerations of the IIRC gaps, depicted with the relationship among the integrated report and other forms of the reporting such as sustainability reports and narrative reports. The framework lacks certain aspects of informed guidance and including good examples thereby eliminating the issues pertaining to transparency in reporting and inclusion of commercial sensitivity. This is well-thought-out with a higher sense of risk exposure in respect of looking forward to other information (Eccles and Serafeim 2014). Another form of the key challenge of the IR is clearly discerned with the transitioning to a traditional annual report which is seen to be focused toward presenting the detailed disclosure in an understandable manne, integrated from the initial implementation and publication process. A tremendous coordination needs to be given during the situation when there is lack of experience in the interdepartmental cooperation (Harold 2014). IR over 300 pages which was launched in 2010. The executives of the business are prone to be exposed to the key business issues (Perego, Kennedy and Whiteman 2016). The report is seen to be well received by the staff however in various situations there is a lack of interest from the investment analyst and the regulators of the information. It needs to be further assessed that the downside of IR is depicted with the increased costs and resource requirements which are related to the various types of the other considerations such as lack of experience and incr ease in the guidelines. Moreover, the introduction of IR may lead to sweeping changes and go through lengthy implementation process. This may take several years to get integrated from the initial implementation and publication process. A tremendous coordination needs to be given during the situation when there is lack of experience in the interdepartmental cooperation (Harold 2014). Conclusion The learnings of the study are able to depict that the global crisis of 2007-2009, acted as a catalyst for the establishment of the Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), and developing Integrated Reporting (IR). IIRC is considered with the coalition drawn from the broad global communities which has represented the global communities with the interest of evolution of corporate reporting. The South African discussion paper can support the IIRC thinking. The intrinsic learning process from South Africa has provided the companies with the understanding of the development process of IR. The IIRC frameworks was released followed with an extensive consultation and testing by the inventors and the businesses across alt the regions in the world. It needs to be further determined that the various types of the other aspect of financial reporting is seen to be directly included across 140 businesses and investors from 30 countries. Some of the important form of the benefits off IR is associated w ith better decision making and linking of the social, environmental, CG and financial performance. The assistance in better allocation of the capital resources are considered with both human capital and financial capital. Despite of the significant benefits, some of the main downsides are considered with the increased cost of implementation. IIRC gaps is depicted with the relationship among the integrated report and other forms of the reporting such as sustainability reports and narrative reports. Furthermore, the executives of the business are more prone to be exposed to the key business issues. References Adams, C. A. (2015) The international integrated reporting council: A call to action, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 27, pp. 2328. doi: 10.1016/j.cpa.2014.07.001. Adams, C. A., Potter, B., Singh, P. J. and York, J. (2016) Exploring the implications of integrated reporting for social investment (disclosures), British Accounting Review, 48(3), pp. 283296. doi: 10.1016/j.bar.2016.05.002. Ahmed Haji, A. and Hossain, D. M. (2016) Exploring the implications of integrated reporting on organisational reporting practice, Qualitative Research in Accounting Management, 13(4), pp. 415444. doi: 10.1108/QRAM-07-2015-0065. Atkins, J. F., Solomon, A., Norton, S. and Joseph, N. L. (2015) The emergence of integrated private reporting, Meditari Accountancy Research, 23(1), pp. 2861. doi: 10.1108/MEDAR-01-2014-0002. Atkins, J. and Maroun, W. (2015) Integrated reporting in South Africa in 2012, Meditari Accountancy Research, 23(2), pp. 197221. doi: 10.1108/MEDAR-07-2014-0047. Bhasin, M. L. (2017) Integrated Reporting The Future of Corporate Reporting, International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research, 6(2), pp. 1731. Available at: https://www.iafa.ie/irish_accounting_review/. Bouten, L. and Hooze, S. (2015) Challenges in sustainability and integrated reporting, Issues in Accounting Education, 30(4), pp. 373381. doi: 10.2308/iace-51093. Burke, J. J. and Clark, C. E. (2016) The business case for integrated reporting: Insights from leading practitioners, regulators, and academics, Business Horizons, pp. 273283. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2016.01.001. Dumay, J., Bernardi, C., Guthrie, J. and Demartini, P. (2016) Integrated reporting: A structured literature review, Accounting Forum, 40(3), pp. 166185. doi: 10.1016/j.accfor.2016.06.001. Eccles, R. G. and Serafeim, G. (2014) Corporate and Integrated Reporting: A Functional Perspective, SSRN Electronic Journal. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2388716. Feng, T., Cummings, L. and Tweedie, D. (2017) Exploring integrated thinking in integrated reporting an exploratory study in Australia, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 18(2), pp. 330353. doi: 10.1108/JIC-06-2016-0068. Harold, P. R. (2014) Is integrated reporting in the future?, The CPA Journal, 84(3), pp. 6267. Lee, K. W. and Yeo, G. H. H. (2016) The association between integrated reporting and firm valuation, Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 47(4), pp. 12211250. doi: 10.1007/s11156-015-0536-y. Mio, C., Marco, F. and Pauluzzo, R. (2016) Internal application of IR principles: Generalis Internal Integrated Reporting, Journal of Cleaner Production, 139, pp. 204218. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.149. Perego, P., Kennedy, S. and Whiteman, G. (2016) A lot of icing but little cake? Taking integrated reporting forward, Journal of Cleaner Production, 136, pp. 5364. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.106. Rensburg, R. and Botha, E. (2014) Is Integrated Reporting the silver bullet of financial communication? A stakeholder perspective from South Africa, Public Relations Review, 40(2), pp. 144152. doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.11.016. Reuter, M. and Messner, M. (2015) Lobbying on the integrated reporting framework, Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 28(3), pp. 365402. doi: 10.1108/AAAJ-03-2013-1289. Serafeim, G. (2015) Integrated Reporting and Investor Clientele, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 27(2), pp. 3451. doi: 10.1111/jacf.12116. Stacchezzini, R., Melloni, G. and Lai, A. (2016) Sustainability management and reporting: the role of integrated reporting for communicating corporate sustainability management, Journal of Cleaner Production, 136, pp. 102110. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.109. Stubbs, W. and Higgins, C. (2014) Integrated Reporting and internal mechanisms of change, Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 27(7), pp. 10681089. doi: 10.1108/AAAJ-03-2013-1279. Thomson, I. (2015) But does sustainability need capitalism or an integrated report a commentary on The International Integrated Reporting Council: A story of failure by Flower, J., Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 27, pp. 1822. doi: 10.1016/j.cpa.2014.07.003. Verschoor, C. C. (2014) Integrated Reporting Lags in the U.S., Strategic Finance, 96(12), pp. 1315. Available at: https://widgets.ebscohost.com/prod/customerspecific/s7154645/customproxy.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dedb%26AN%3D99822987%26site%3Deds-live. Zhou, S., Simnett, R. and Green, W. (2017) Does Integrated Reporting Matter to the Capital Market?, Abacus, 53(1), pp. 94132. doi: 10.1111/abac.12104.

Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Free-Samples

Question: There are several changes from DSM IV to DSM 5 manuals in diagnostic criteria and grouping. Critically evaluate three of these major changes. Answer: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is an authoritative guide published by American Psychological Association (APA) used by health care professionals guiding the diagnosis for mental disorders containing symptoms, descriptions and criteria. Many editions of DSM are being modified, reviewed and enlarged when first DSM I was introduced by APA in 1952. New categories of diagnosis were introduced with distinct hierarchy in well-known practice recommending single pathology identification explaining clinical status symptoms (Birgegrd, Norring and Clinton 2012). Gradually, the concept of DSM III was abolished and the concept of co-morbidity was introduced confirming DSM IV during 1990s. In 2013, a new version was introduced by APA providing an official list of mental disorders. It guides treatment for mental disorders being the largest change reflecting scientific understanding of the mental issues and its treatment. A lot of modifications took place from DSM IV to D SM V having implications on the understanding and treatment of mental disorders. The modifications took place in seven aspects; autism spectrum, bipolar disorder, ADHD diagnosis, PTSD symptoms, dementia reclassification, intellectual disability and artificial categorization modification (Regier, Kuhl and Kupfer 2013). The following discussion involves the critical evaluation of three major changes from DSM IV to V in terms of bipolar disorder, autism spectrum and dementia reclassification. The main change occurred in DSM V is that the terminology of general medical condition is modified to another medical condition relevant for disorders. DSM IV failed to reflect upon the shared symptoms or features of diagnostic groups like bipolar disorders with psychotic disorders, internalizing (depressive, anxiety, somatic) or externalizing disorders (conduct, substance abuse, impulse control) (Cosgrove and Krimsky 2012). On a contrary, DSM V restructured interrelationships, across and within diagnostic chapters. The strength of earlier DSM classification was to diagnose baseline psychiatric diagnosis on the defined and operational criteron that resulted in inter-rater reliability. This was the greatest weakness in DSM IV where patients were formally diagnosed under which only half of the patients were actually treated. There was lack of operational categorization of subthreshold diagnoses in DSM IV whereas in DSM V, there is high recognition where large number of patients is seek ing treatment who were formally under Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) group (Kupfer, Kuhl and Regier 2013). Elimination of bipolar disorder is a major modification from DSM IV to V. DSM IV contains diagnosis of mixed episode, bipolar I disease requires that the person meet the full criteria simultaneously for major depressive episode and mania that is removed in DSM V. There is enhancement in the accuracy for diagnosis and its facilitation at early stage detection in the clinical settings. The criterion A now contains hypomanic and manic episodes including an emphasis on the energy and activity changes and mood in DSM V. This change from IV to V removed the restriction and helpful in diagnosing patients from DSM IV subdiagnostic bipolar syndromes (Grunze et al. 2017). In the new version, a specific terminology mixed features is added applying to episodes of hypomania and mania and previous criteria is removed. In this, depressive features and its episodes in the context of bipolar or depressive disorder are added when hypomania/mania features are present. DSM V also allows the accurate specification of particular conditions that is related to bipolar disorder that includes categorization of individuals with past history of major depressive disorders meeting the criteria for hypomaniac condition except duration criterion of consecutive four days (Swann et al. 2013). The second condition that comprises other specified bipolar related disorder having fewer symptoms of hypomania meeting criteria for full bipolar II syndrome however, duration for four days is sufficient. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder in DSM IV has few shortcomings; large proportion of patients who were treated for the bipolar disorders had to be allocated to NOS and vague groups. However, with the introduction of DSM V, bipolar disorders are identified with a new specifier of mixed features applied to hypomania or mania episodes where depressive features are exist. In DSM V, there is also elimination of childhood bipolar disorder as in DSM IV; there was a harmful over-diagnosis and treatment of this condition. However, in DSM V, there was removal of this condition replaced with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD), where all children who were formally diagnosed with bipolar disorder will fall under the category DMDD (Etain et al. 2013). This new category does provide a new way to diagnose this condition more accurately matching set of symptoms characterized by extreme tempered outbursts. Many threshold groups have been added to bipolar disorders, depression and mixed sta tes that are operational in DSM V. The mania and hypomania episodes encountered during treatment of depression under certain conditions are also added under bipolar disorders. DSM V main lines the definition of major depressive disorders basic to DSM IV. Hypomanic and manic episodes are radically revised in this new version impacting on bipolar disorders. Three main changes are being witnessed in DSM V regarding gate questions of hypomania and mania (criterion A), reduction in exclusion criteria and vigorous effort for the operationalization of subthreshold syndromes in bipolar disorder that were earlier diagnosed as NOS (Uher et al. 2014). The mood change that is accompanied by persistent increase energy or activity levels is also included in DSM V. However, this new version is quite strict and restrictive excluding the people who report only one out of three bipolar symptoms and also irritable and elated mood. Apparently, individuals who had been diagnosed with bipolar I or II disorders or manic episodes in DSM IV are now being classified as subthreshold bipolar group under DSM V. On a contrary, the new strict DSM V rule is not data based and there is in deed contradiction of available evidence. According to Angst (2013) patients receiving treatment for major depressive disorders demonstrated one of the three gate questions clearly and with validity. In addition, Exclusion criteria are one justified and amplified change in DSM V concerning bipolar II disorder diagnosis. DSM IV major change in depression into hypomania was exclusion criteria principle. However, in DSM V, it explained that this condition persists at full level syndrome that is beyond physiological effect of the treatment being explicit bipolar II disorder criterion. DSM V is like DSM IVV allowing scope for clinical judgment to causality. There is also a new formal criterion for medication or substance-induced bipolar related disorder. According to Angst et al. (2012) DSM V will be able to diagnose bipolar II disorder twice as often as bipolar I having a prevalence approach. Bipolar II will be more frequently diagnosed in logical and justified manner explaining a milder condition more prevalent than severe mani a. According to Phillips and Kupfer (2013) during the long-term illness, bipolar patients experience milder conditions like minor depression rather than major syndromes. However, despite of the advancement made in the new version, bipolar disorder is still under-recognized in DSM V. The epidemiological studies and its re-analyses demonstrated that major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous group with% hidden cases. It requires systematic screening for hypomania in individuals with previous history showing little appreciable impact on hidden bipolarity detection (Koukopoulos and Sani 2014). Concisely, even after DSM V introduction, vast majority of major depressive episodes (MDE) continued to be diagnosed under MDD. The second modification in DSM IV is autism spectrum diagnostics classification. In DSM IV, pervasive development disorders were also considered under autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This includes Aspergers disorder, autistic disorders and pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). However, with the introduction of DSM V released in 2013, significant modifications have been done in the ASDs categorization. The main reasons for change includes; there was difficulty in applying criteria for PDD subtypes schematically, children diagnosed with AS met the criteria for AD being similar and for controlling the exponential rise in cases (McPartland, Reichow and Volkmar 2012). In DSM V, the four separately classified issues that are very common being unified under ASDs header. The previous categories of DSM IV are no longer in use and separate levels are replaced under one umbrella of ASDs. The severity levels of ASDs are based on support needed for the patients in terms of challenges faced with repetitive behaviours, social communication and restricted interests. The revision suggests that older version was not precise and various clinicians diagnose patients with different disorders and also some changes diagnosis because of same symptoms differing year to year. In the new version, autism is defined by common set of behaviour characterized by single terminology according to severity levels 1, 2 and 3. The removal of PDD-NOS and Aspergers disorder is the significant change in DSM V and patients who are currently diagnosed with these conditions will be re-diagnosed and evaluated (Grzadzinski, Huerta and Lord 2013). However, this may create confusion among parents of children who are diagnosed with these conditions, adults and children who are strongly identified with these diagnoses. The new ASDs classification is stricter, thorough as compared to old criteria. In DSM V, more symptoms are required to meet the new criteria within arena of fixated interests or repetitive behaviours. There is also reorganization made in DSM V as DSM IV currently holding domains for ASDs includes impairments in communication, social interaction, restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. In DSM V, social interaction, communication domains have been merged into one entitled, Communication/Social Deficits (Frazier et al. 2012). This is a remarkable change where language development delay is no more necessary for the diagnosis. Although, the modifications are made with a hope to make ASDs diagnosis more reliable, specific and valid, however, there are legitimate concerns raised regarding the impact of people on the spectrum of autism. The biggest concern is that the higher functioning patients will no longer be able to meet the guidelines of strict diagnostic criteria and therefore , will face difficulties in accessing the relevant services. The main question is what will happen to the patients who are currently diagnosed with PDD-NOS or Aspergers disorder (Kim et al. 2014). There is also growing uncertainty that how the educational and state services, insurance companies will adopt to these modifications. In DSM V, to fulfil ASD criteria, symptoms must be present during childhood manifesting social demands exceeding capacities having a marked effect on the functional ability and level of severity specified. Apart from removal of separate Aspergers and autism categories to ADSs, there is also removal of criteria including; cognitive and language delay, lack of imaginative or varied play. The levels are also well specified under DSM V. Level 3 comprises of categorization requiring highly substantial support measuring severe deficits in non-verbal and verbal communication, very limited response and initiation as compared to others. Level 2 requires substantial support having marked deficits in communication, abnormal response and limited initiation speaking few words. Lastly, level 1 category requires support having deficits in social communication, unsuccessful overtures and deficits in response and initiation (Mahjouri and Lord 2012). The new diagnosis for autism in DSM V is purely based on behaviours and no differentiation of Asperger syndrome, PDD-NOS and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. There is no definition for aetiology within ASD with simplified approach and fewer ways for a person to meet criterion in two domains. The social communication domain also recognizes the social function of communication being some of the advantages of DSM V ASD (Lai et al. 2013). It is evident that ASD changes will be going to affect people and families currently diagnosed with ASD and pose challenge to clinicians on how they are going to use this new criterion for the evaluation of children and its impact on availability of resources. Reclassification of dementia is another modification from DSM IV to V. In the new version, dementia and learning or memory difficulties categories called amnestic disorders are subsumed into a new category of major neuro-cognitive disorder (NCD) (Tay et al. 2015). This new criteria splits the disorder into broad severities of major and minor for encouraging early detection, treatment of the issues. The terminology, dementia in etiological subtypes is not precluded from application where this term is standard. In DSM V, cognitive impairment at less severe level, a new disorder permitting diagnosis of less disabling syndromes, mild NCD, nonetheless might be the focus of treatment and concern. The diagnostic criteria in DSM IV comprises of memory impairment (category A1) and fulfilling of one or more symptoms like apraxia, aphasia, agnosia and executive functioning disturbance (category A2). Category B- the cognitive deficits in A2, A1 causing significant impairment in occupational or s ocial functioning representing significant decline in functioning level. Category C defines that cognitive deficits does not occur exclusively during course of delirium (Sachdev et al. 2014). DSM V criteria (previously dementia) is now NCD providing evidence for cognitive decline from decreased performance level in one or more domains of cognitive functioning like language, memory and learning, complex attention, executive function, social cognition and perceptual-motor being category A with no sub classification (Strydom et al. 2013). Category B defining cognitive deficits interfering with independence and assistance required for activities of daily living (ADL) classified under NCD. Category C defines that cognitive deficits is not exclusive in delirium and a new category D is introduced defining that cognitive deficits not explained by other mental disorders like schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. The new version focuses on the decline from level of functioning rather than cognitive deficits and term NCD removed the stigmatization that people have about older term dementia. There is potential fallout in this change as healthcare professionals have to spend considerable amount of time in understanding and transitioning to new system learning the differences between minor and major NCDs and explanation of significance and differences to the patients and family members. This new system can confuse older individuals about dementia as they consider it as Alzheimer failing to comprehend between the two conditions. Another challenge is lack of recognition regarding the minor condition as patients may not be serious about the progression to major condition (Carpenter and Tandon 2013). Using DSM V, clinician will diagnose major or minor condition due to Alzheimer and MCI will be diagnosed as mild NCD due to Alzheimer leaving the end result confusing for the clinician, patient and family members. The concept needs to be explained to the population with correct guidance for eliminating the confusion. From the above discussion, it can be concluded that DSM V is a strict, advanced and restrictive form than DSM IV. DSM IV is a statistical and diagnostic manual adopted by APA in correlation with ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders by World Health Organization (WHO). DSM IV was used as an axial system grouping disorders into broad categories like personality disorders, mental retardation, and all psychological categories except personality disorder and mental retardation. In contrast, DSM V provides better classification of dementia, autism and bipolar disorder. Aspergers disorder and pervasive disorder are put under category of ASD, bipolar disorder falling under DMDD and reclassification of dementia. In this, amnestic disorders are subsumed into new category NCD splitting into broad categories. DSM V has controversial issues like Aspergers disorder removal and inclusion within Autism much to dismay of current patients with this disorder. However, DSM V is a rig ht step towards acknowledging new terms and mixed groups in bipolar disorder. In addition, it created confusion among the clinicians and require consideration in learning and explaining the new version to the patients. It causes potential fallout for the patients who are currently being diagnosed or treated for the conditions that are being removed or merged. Therefore, DSM V provide significant changes from DSM IV providing tightened up definitions, adding rating levels of severity and elimination or grouping of specific disorders. The diagnostic criteria are clarified and provide changes for the clinicians outlining more valid diagnoses. References Angst, J. (2013) Bipolar disorders in DSM-5: strengths, problems and perspectives.International journal of bipolar disorders,1(1), 12 Angst, J., Gamma, A., Bowden, C.L., Azorin, J.M., Perugi, G., Vieta, E. and Young, A.H. (2012) Diagnostic criteria for bipolarity based on an international sample of 5,635 patients with DSM-IV major depressive episodes.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience262(1), 3-11 Birgegrd, A., Norring, C. and Clinton, D. (2012) DSM?IV versus DSM?5: Implementation of proposed DSM?5 criteria in a large naturalistic database.International Journal of Eating Disorders,45(3), 353-361 Carpenter, W.T. and Tandon, R. (2013) Psychotic disorders in DSM-5: summary of changes.Asian journal of psychiatry,6(3), 266-268 Cosgrove, L. and Krimsky, S. (2012) A comparison of DSM-IV and DSM-5 panel members' financial associations with industry: a pernicious problem persists.PLoS Medicine,9(3), e1001190 Etain, B., Aas, M., Andreassen, O.A., Lorentzen, S., Dieset, I., Gard, S., Kahn, J.P., Bellivier, F., Leboyer, M., Melle, I. and Henry, C. (2013) Childhood trauma is associated with severe clinical characteristics of bipolar disorders.The Journal of clinical psychiatry,74(10), 991-998 Frazier, T.W., Youngstrom, E.A., Speer, L., Embacher, R., Law, P., Constantino, J., Findling, R.L., Hardan, A.Y. and Eng, C. (2012) Validation of proposed DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry,51(1), 28-40 Grunze, H., Vieta, E., Goodwin, G.M., Bowden, C., Licht, R.W., Azorin, J.M., Yatham, L., Mosolov, S., Mller, H.J., Kasper, S. and Members of the WFSBP Task Force on Bipolar Affective Disorders Working on this topic (2017) The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Biological Treatment of Bipolar Disorders: Acute and long-term treatment of mixed states in bipolar disorder.The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 1-57 Grzadzinski, R., Huerta, M. and Lord, C. (2013) DSM-5 and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs): an opportunity for identifying ASD subtypes.Molecular autism,4(1), 12 Kim, Y.S., Fombonne, E., Koh, Y.J., Kim, S.J., Cheon, K.A. and Leventhal, B.L. (2014) A comparison of DSM-IV pervasive developmental disorder and DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder prevalence in an epidemiologic sample.Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry,53(5), 500-508 Koukopoulos, A. and Sani, G. (2014) DSM?5 criteria for depression with mixed features: a farewell to mixed depression.Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,129(1), 4-16 Kupfer, D.J., Kuhl, E.A. and Regier, D.A. (2013) DSM-5The future arrived.Jama,309(16), 1691-1692. Lai, M.C., Lombardo, M.V., Chakrabarti, B. and Baron-Cohen, S. (2013) Subgrouping the Autism Spectrum": Reflections on DSM-5.PLoS biology,11(4), e1001544 Mahjouri, S. and Lord, C.E. (2012) What the DSM-5 portends for research, diagnosis, and treatment of autism spectrum disorders.Current psychiatry reports,14(6), 739-747 McPartland, J.C., Reichow, B. and Volkmar, F.R. (2012) Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry,51(4), 368-383 Phillips, M.L. and Kupfer, D.J. (2013) Bipolar disorder diagnosis: challenges and future directions. The Lancet,381(9878), 1663-1671 Regier, D.A., Kuhl, E.A. and Kupfer, D.J. (2013) The DSM?5: Classification and criteria changes.World Psychiatry,12(2), 92-98 Sachdev, P.S., Blacker, D., Blazer, D.G., Ganguli, M., Jeste, D.V., Paulsen, J.S. and Petersen, R.C. (2014) Classifying neurocognitive disorders: the DSM-5 approach.Nature Reviews Neurology,10(11), 634-642 Strydom, A., Chan, T., Fenton, C., Jamieson-Craig, R., Livingston, G. and Hassiotis, A. (2013) Validity of criteria for dementia in older people with intellectual disability.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry,21(3), 279-288 Swann, A.C., Lafer, B., Perugi, G., Frye, M.A., Bauer, M., Bahk, W.M., Scott, J., Ha, K. and Suppes, T. (2013) Bipolar mixed states: an international society for bipolar disorders task force report of symptom structure, course of illness, and diagnosis.American Journal of Psychiatry,170(1), 31-42. Tay, L., Lim, W.S., Chan, M., Ali, N., Mahanum, S., Chew, P., Lim, J. and Chong, M.S. (2015) New DSM-V neurocognitive disorders criteria and their impact on diagnostic classifications of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in a memory clinic setting.The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry,23(8), 768-779 Uher, R., Payne, J.L., Pavlova, B. and Perlis, R.H. (2014) Major depressive disorder in dsm?5: implications for clinical practice and research of changes from DSM?IV. Depression and anxiety,31(6), 459-471

Jeffersons Presidency Essay Example

Jeffersons Presidency Paper Behind the Scenes: Jeffersons Presidency The Jeffersonian Republicans are typically considered to be stringent constructionists.The Federalists usually were considered to favor the broad constructionism.This is often just a stereotype, especially when the presidencies of our great, but misleading, Presidents Jefferson and Madison. The Jeffersonian Republicans, to only a small extent, represented what the party truly stood for, and the Federalists also to a small margin swayed from their partys ideas. The Republicans often stood for the idea of a weaker central government, not giving too much power to one man.This principle was sometimes overlooked by Jefferson.;mine tells me that the civil powers alone have been given to the President of the U.S.; (DOC A).Another policy that the Republicans deeply believed in, but Jefferson did not follow in his presidency, was strict constructionism.;laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mindinstitutions must advance also and keep pace with the times.;(DOC G).Jefferson also was quite afraid of the Government and the constitution, which led to ;Jefferson;s Rebellion; (1800). We will write a custom essay sample on Jeffersons Presidency specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jeffersons Presidency specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jeffersons Presidency specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Federalists were known for their desire for an all powerful central government, but sometimes the party members did not believe in this type of government.;he will at any time be able to prove quite as clearly that congress has power to create a dictator.; (DOC D). Even at the Hartford Convention many Republican-resembling resolutions were accepted.;Congress shall not have power, without concurrence of two-thirds of both houses.;(DOC E).Madison also states, in his proposal for war, that the constitution was better due to its inflexibility. Also during the Hartford there were no propositions for a change in the Constitution which is not a good representative of Federalist ideals.

Discover How To Join An Online Writing Society

Discover How To Join An Online Writing SocietyThe Sample Orders Essay Writing Society is not your typical writing society. This organization is for people who are enrolled in professional writing courses as well as high school students to be able to work together and get their assignments.There are certain guidelines that should be followed in order to be successful with this group. These will ensure you will have a much better chance of getting accepted into the group. It's also a great way to make money through online earning.In order to be accepted into the online writing society, you must register and be a member of the club. To do this, you will need to complete an application form. If you have never been accepted into any group before, you may want to write one of these applications because it has everything you need to know about being accepted into the group. Once you have filled out this form, you will then receive a confirmation email.After you have paid your membership fee , you will then be sent your personal username and password. Now, you can begin to use the username and password to log into your profile. You will need to login using your personal username and password so you don't have to write them down. This is just for convenience.Your profile will allow you to share your writing and allow others to read what you have written. In order to take part in the group, you will have to write a few samples. When doing this, you should be sure to keep things organized. Make sure that all your works are neatly laid out and in order. Don't leave anything behind that you don't want someone else to see.The next step is to send in a sample orders essay. You can submit samples of your work ona computer or a document that can be printed out. If you're submitting it on a computer, be sure to keep all your records in order and labeled in a way where you can easily find them.Once you have submitted your work, you will have the option to respond to the writer tha t received your piece. This is where you will be able to reply to questions or comments that the writer has made regarding your essay. All of the members of the writing society are welcome to read your response so feel free to get them to add you to their circle.After your membership period has ended, you will then be allowed to create an account. With this account, you will be able to access your online writing community. This will be your account to be able to read your fellow members' profiles and participate in conversations.